There are various classes of people who are entitled to Spanish National Health Care:
Those people who are working or self employed and are making up to date Spanish national insurance contributions, plus their legal dependants.
Foreigners who were working legally in Spain and have now retired
EU citizens who have retired or who have retired early due to disabilty and are entitled to health cover from their own member state via an E121
Job seekers who have an E106
European nationals who are visiting tourists and are in possession of an in date European Health Card. Please note this cover is normally classed as EMERGENCYcare only.
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What happens if I stop working?
If you have paid contributions in Spain for 90 days during the previous 365 preceding days (ie you have worked legally or been self employed and paying Spanish national insurance contributions for at least 3 months in the preceding year), you are covered for the next 90 days after you stop work.
If you were being attended to before you ceased paying contributions then your cover is extended to 52 weeks for the worker and 39 weeks for the dependant and 39 or 26 weeks if the assistance commenced after you stopped paying contributions . source:
http://www.seg-social.es What about common law partners?
Common law partners can only be covered by the contributions of their partner if they have been registered as living together for a minimum of 1 year IN SPAIN and can prove this in writing with a certificate of convivencia from their local town hall.
Children
In Tenerife Children ARE NOT attended by the same GPs that deal with adults. There are often shortages of trained pediatricians, so you may be registered at a "sub" health center, but your children may have to travel to the central health center Or the pediatrician may have split surgery hours between several locations. Check with your local doctor's receptionist when you register as to what the procedure is in your area, and make sure you keep up with new developments and seasonal variations.
Social Security Offices * There are offices in various parts of the island and depending on where you live and what business you need to transact you may be required to go to Los Cristianos, Puerto de la Cruz, Granadilla, Santa Cruz etc.
What documents do I need to apply?
there is a chart attached below but this may be clearer to read here
http://www.diana-mcglone.com/health.htm#entitlement